ABSTRACT
O presente estudo, de delineamento explanatório sequencial, corte transversal e abordagem mista, buscou caracterizar o acesso e a qualidade da informação recebida sobre sexo e sexualidade nos contextos familiar e escolar a partir da perspectiva de adolescentes. Os participantes foram adolescentes do 6º ao 9º ano do ensino fundamental de duas escolas de São Leopoldo e quatro de Porto Alegre. Na etapa quantitativa, 253 jovens responderam ao Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e Comportamentos Sexuais, enquanto que na etapa qualitativa foram realizados grupos focais. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente e por análise temática, destacando-se dois grandes temas: 1) fontes e limites de acesso às informações sobre sexo e sexualidade e 2) vieses da comunicação. A média de iniciação sexual foi de 13,7 anos (DP=1,33) e o uso inconsistente de preservativo foi relatado por 40% dos participantes. Em conjunto, os dados sugerem uma lacuna entre a transmissão de informações sobre sexo e sexualidade nos contextos investigados e o comportamento preventivo dos adolescentes, revelando o escopo reduzido de temáticas abordadas, sentimentos de constrangimento e atitudes sexistas e homofóbicas. Destaca-se a necessidade de investimento em capacitação de profissionais para a realização da educação sexual na escola, visando atender não somente os adolescentes, mas também suas famílias.(AU)
The present study, with a sequential explanatory delineation, cross - sectional and mixed approach, sought to characterize the access and quality of information received about sex and sexuality in family and school contexts from the perspective of adolescents. The participants were adolescents from the 6th to the 9th year of elementary school in two schools in São Leopoldo and four in Porto Alegre. In the quantitative stage, 253 young people answered the Questionnaire on Socio-demographic Data and Sexual Behaviors, while in the qualitative phase, focus groups were performed. The data were analyzed statistically and by thematic analysis, highlighting two main topics: 1) sources and limits of access to information about sex and sexuality and 2) communication bias. The average sexual initiation was 13.7 years (SD = 1.33), and inconsistent condom use was reported by 40% of participants. Together, the data suggest a gap between the transmission of information about sex and sexuality in the contexts investigated and the adolescents' preventive behavior, highlighting the reduced scope of the issues addressed, feeling of embarrassment and sexist and homophobic attitudes. It is important to emphasize the need for investment in training professionals to carry out sex education at school, in order to serve not only adolescents, but also their families.(AU)
El presente estudio, de delineamiento explicativo secuencial, corte transversal y abordaje mixto, buscó caracterizar el acceso y la calidad de la información recibida sobre sexo y sexualidad en los contextos familiar y escolar desde la perspectiva de adolescentes. Los participantes fueron adolescentes del 6º al 9º año de la enseñanza fundamental de dos escuelas de São Leopoldo y cuatro de Porto Alegre. En la etapa cuantitativa, 253 jóvenes respondieron al Cuestionario de Datos Sociodemográficos y Comportamientos Sexuales, mientras que en la etapa cualitativa se realizaron grupos focales. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente y por análisis temático, destacándose dos grandes temas: 1) fuentes y límites de acceso a las informaciones sobre sexo y sexualidad y 2) sesgos de la comunicación. El promedio de iniciación sexual fue de 13,7 años (DP = 1,33), y el uso inconsistente de preservativo fue reportado por el 40% de los participantes. En conjunto los datos sugieren una laguna entre la transmisión de información sobre sexo y sexualidad en los contextos investigados y el comportamiento preventivo, revelándose el escaso de temáticas abordadas, sentimiento de constreñimiento y actitudes sexistas y homofóbicas. Se destaca la necesidad de inversión en capacitación de profesionales para la realización de la educación sexual en la escuela, buscando atender no sólo a los adolescentes, sino también a sus familias.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Sex Education , Sexuality , Adolescent , Condoms/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Abstract Adolescent sexual practices have been widely investigated as experiences that pose potential risks for health. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate individual and contextual factors associated with sexual initiation, sexual activity before the age of 15 years, and inconsistent condom use. A total of 253 adolescents aged 11 to 18 years, from public schools in the capital and metropolitan region of Rio Grande do Sul, were interviewed. They answered a questionnaire covering sociodemographic data and sexual behaviors and completed the Perception of Family Support Inventory. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics and it was verified that both individual (higher level of education, school repetition, and use of licit and illicit substances) and contextual factors (perception of less affective-consistent support and greater autonomy from the family) were related to sexual initiation among adolescents. The associations found for the groups with sexual initiation before and after 15 years of age were similar, indicating that age did not increase the exposure to risks. Inconsistent condom use was related to the use of tobacco and other drugs. Taken together, the results indicated the cooccurrence of risk behaviors, such as sexual risks and substance abuse, as well as highlighting some family characteristics as protective factors.